Common Lexeme

kocél

Keywords: prepositions, modifiers, adjectives, adverbs, relative clauses, dependent clauses

Pronunciation (IPA): ko'd͡ʒel 
Part of Speech: modifier 
Class: preposition 
Forms: kocél, kocélyn, kocélynys 
Glosses: while, when, during, at the same time as, at a time, simultaneously, coincidence, coincidental 

Description:

The modifier 'kocél' is a modifier of time that can be used as a preposition or independently. It is most typically used with verbs. and is a modifier of time in the modifier sequence. Used on its own it means 'at the ame time' or 'simultaneously', and with an object, the object is either a noun phrase in the nominative case representing an event, or a dependent clause explaining the simultaneous event.

Kocél can directly take a dependent clause without requiring 'si'. It is often used to introduce sentence-level context-establishing clauses, and as such blurs the line between a modifier and a conjunction sometimes. Dependendent clauses introduced with kocél obey the general rule that the verb much go last in a dependent clause, but the rule is relaxed if the dependent clause is last in the setence, or if there is no main clause.

The term form kocélyn is a coincidence, and deriving back to modifier form kocélynys gives "coincidental" or "coincidentally"

Examples:

Simultaneous action:

A atuin epis a pocuk se kocél ulátyn.
The person and the child left at the same time.

Action at a certain time:

A wisin se an kocél na naw suzys cel.
The(ABS) meal stand(NP.IM) be during the(NOM) ten five-MOD hour.

'Dinner is at 3 o'clock.'

The null preposition can also be used for this meaning and would be more common, using 'kocél' has the sense of using 'sharp' in English.

Action during another action:

A paluh sea zeul kocél ja pikki a skitrem teo slek.
The(ABS) dog stand(P.IM) eye while the(ERG) cat the(ABS) mouse hit(P.IM) eat.

'The dog watched while the cat ate the mouse.

Things to notice here, this construction uses an antipassive form of zeul and a dependent clause with the action being watched - without the antipassive, the focus of the watching would have had to be on one of the actors. As well, notice that the dependent clause rule is obeyed and the verb teo slek went to the end of the clause.

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