hufep
Keywords: modifiers, adverbs, prepositions, chaining, mood, modal
| Pronunciation (IPA): | 'hu.vep |
|---|---|
| Part of Speech: | term verb noun |
| Class: | noxaj |
| Forms: | hufep, hufepkija |
| Glosses: | need, require, necessity, requirement, to be necessary |
Description:
The term 'hufep' refers to need and necessity. It is important in modal chained verb constructions and to indicate a situation which is required to exist.
Noun:
As a noun, 'hufep' refers to a need or necessity or requirement. In the derived form 'hufepysyn', it refers to the concept of necessity in general.
Verb:
As a verb, 'hufep' is a semitransitive noxaj verb of desire, with an absolutive needer and a dative thing needed. It can also be used as a chained verb to indicate that the action of the verb is necessary or needed to the subject. The derived term 'hufepkija' ['hu.veb.gi.ja], 'that which is needed', is used in an construction with the copula 'an' to state that something is necessary while completely avoiding implying the existence of a needer.
Examples:
A paluh nox hufep ixi si slek.
The(ERG) dog go(NP.IM) need that(DAT) stand(IR.NP.IM) eat.
'The dog needs to eat.'
In this sentence, the dependent clause is placed in the irrealis, because the use of the verb of needing makes the action uncertain, the antipassive is used in the dependent clause because it really doesn't matter what the dog eats, and the subject is omitted because it is clear form context that it is the dog.
A paluh se hufep slek.
The(ABS) dog stand(NP.IM) need eat.
'The dog needs to eat.'
This sentence has the identical translation as the first, but differs in shade of meaning in that it is focused more on the eating than the needing, and makes the eating seem less uncertain. To that effect, the realis mood is used (the dog really needs to eat). The antipassive is used again, and note that the auxiliary agreement is with slek, not hufep in this chained construction.
Si a paluh si slek se an ny hufepkija.
That(ABS) the(ABS) dog stand(IR.NP.IM) eat stand(NP.IM) be a(NOM) need-RCP.
'It is necessary that the dog eat.'
Again, the thing needed is in a dependent clause using the irrealis mood, but this time the relative pronoun introducing the clause is in the absolutive case and the main verb is the colupla 'an', connecting it to 'ny hufepkija', 'a necessity'. This is a very distanced way to express the same idea that goes out of its way to avoid implying someone who must fulfill th need.
Modifier:
The modifier form 'hufepys' means 'required' or 'necessary'.